Wednesday 30 September 2015

WHAT IS BOOTSTRAP? BOOTSTRAP HISTORY

Basic Bootstrap

WHAT IS BOOTSTRAP?

  • Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web development
  • Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and many other, as well as optional JavaScript plugins
  • Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive designs

What is Responsive Web Design?
Responsive web design is about creating web sites which automatically 
adjust themselves to look good on all devices,
 from small phones to large desktops.

BOOTSTRAP HISTORY

Bootstrap was developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton at Twitter, and released as an open source product in August 2011 on GitHub.
In June 2014 Bootstrap was the No.1 project on GitHub!

WHY USE BOOTSTRAP?

Advantages of Bootstrap:
  • Easy to use: Anybody with just basic knowledge of HTML and CSS can start using Bootstrap
  • Responsive features: Bootstrap's responsive CSS adjusts to phones, tablets, and desktops
  • Mobile-first approach: In Bootstrap 3, mobile-first styles are part of the core framework
  • Browser compatibility: Bootstrap is compatible with all modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and Opera)

WHERE TO GET BOOTSTRAP?

There are two ways to start using Bootstrap on your own web site.
You can:
  • Download Bootstrap from getbootstrap.com
  • Include Bootstrap from a CDN

DOWNLOADING BOOTSTRAP

If you want to download and host Bootstrap yourself, go to getbootstrap.com, and follow the instructions there.

BOOTSTRAP CDN

If you don't want to download and host Bootstrap yourself, you can include it from a CDN (Content Delivery Network).
MaxCDN provide CDN support for Bootstrap's CSS and JavaScript. Also include jQuery:

MaxCDN:

<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet"href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">

<!-- jQuery library -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>

<!-- Latest compiled JavaScript -->
<script src="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

One advantage of using the Bootstrap CDN:
Many users already have downloaded Bootstrap from MaxCDN 
when visiting another site. As a result, it will be loaded from cache
 when they visit your site, which leads to faster loading time. Also, 
most CDN's will make sure that once a user requests a file from it, 
it will be served from the server closest to them, which also leads to 
faster loading time.

CREATE FIRST WEB PAGE WITH BOOTSTRAP

1. Add the HTML5 doctype
Bootstrap uses HTML elements and CSS properties that require the HTML5 doctype.
Always include the HTML5 doctype at the beginning of the page, along with the lang attribute and the correct character set:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
  </head>
</html>
2. Bootstrap 3 is mobile-first
Bootstrap 3 is designed to be responsive to mobile devices. Mobile-first styles are part of the core framework.
To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the following <meta> tag inside the <head> element:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
The width=device-width part sets the width of the page to follow the screen-width of the device (which will vary depending on the device).
The initial-scale=1 part sets the initial zoom level when the page is first loaded by the browser.
3. Containers
Bootstrap also requires a containing element to wrap site contents.
There are two container classes to choose from:
  1. The .container class provides a responsive fixed width container
  2. The .container-fluid class provides a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport
Note: Containers are not nestable (you cannot put a container inside another container).

TWO BASIC BOOTSTRAP PAGES

The following example shows the code for a basic Bootstrap page (with a responsive fixed width container):

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet"href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script src="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div class="container">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This is some text.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Bootstrap Example</title>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet"href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script src="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

<div class="container-fluid">
  <h1>My First Bootstrap Page</h1>
  <p>This is some text.</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>
     
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PHP - Class/Object Functions These functions allow you to obtain information about classes and instance objects. You can obtain the name of the class to which an object belongs, as well as its member properties and methods.

PHP - Class/Object Functions


These functions allow you to obtain information about classes and instance objects. You can obtain the name of the class to which an object belongs, as well as its member properties and methods.

INSTALLATION

There is no installation needed to use these functions; they are part of the PHP core.

RUNTIME CONFIGURATION

This extension has no configuration directives defined in php.ini.

LIST OF FUNCTIONS

PHP − indicates the earliest version of PHP that supports the function.
FunctionDescriptionPHP
call_user_method_array()Call a user method given with an array of parameters [deprecated]4
call_user_method()Call a user method on an specific object [deprecated]4
class_exists()Checks if the class has been defined4
get_class_methods()Gets the class methods' names4
get_class_vars()Get the default properties of the class4
get_class()Returns the name of the class of an object4
get_declared_classes()Returns an array with the name of the defined classes4
get_declared_interfaces()Returns an array of all declared interfaces5
get_object_vars()Gets the properties of the given object4
get_parent_class()Retrieves the parent class name for object or class4
interface_exists()Checks if the interface has been defined5
is_a()Checks if the object is of this class or has this class as one of its parents4
is_subclass_of ()Checks if the object has this class as one of its parents4
method_exists()Checks if the class method exists4
property_exists()Checks if the object or class has a property5















































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PHP - Function Reference PHP is very rich in terms of Buil-in functions. Here is the list of various important function categories. There are various other function categories which are not covered here.

PHP - Function Reference

PHP is very rich in terms of Buil-in functions. Here is the list of various important function categories. There are various other function categories which are not covered here.
Select a category to see a list of all the functions related to that category.
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PHP MySQL Database With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate databases. MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.

PHP MySQL Database

With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate databases.
MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.

WHAT IS MYSQL?

  • MySQL is a database system used on the web
  • MySQL is a database system that runs on a server
  • MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications
  • MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use
  • MySQL uses standard SQL
  • MySQL compiles on a number of platforms
  • MySQL is free to download and use
  • MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation
  • MySQL is named after co-founder Monty Widenius's daughter: My
The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables. A table is a collection of related data, and it consists of columns and rows.
Databases are useful for storing information categorically. A company may have a database with the following tables:
  • Employees
  • Products
  • Customers
  • Orders

PHP + MYSQL DATABASE SYSTEM

  • PHP combined with MySQL are cross-platform (you can develop in Windows and serve on a Unix platform)

DATABASE QUERIES

A query is a question or a request.
We can query a database for specific information and have a recordset returned.
Look at the following query (using standard SQL):
SELECT LastName FROM Employees
The query above selects all the data in the "LastName" column from the "Employees" table.

PHP 5 and later can work with a MySQL database using:
  • MySQLi extension (the "i" stands for improved)
  • PDO (PHP Data Objects)
Earlier versions of PHP used the MySQL extension. However, this extension was deprecated in 2012.

SHOULD I USE MYSQLI OR PDO?

If you need a short answer, it would be "Whatever you like".
Both MySQLi and PDO have their advantages:
PDO will work on 12 different database systems, where as MySQLi will only work with MySQL databases.
So, if you have to switch your project to use another database, PDO makes the process easy. You only have to change the connection string and a few queries. With MySQLi, you will need to rewrite the entire code - queries included.
Both are object-oriented, but MySQLi also offers a procedural API.
Both support Prepared Statements. Prepared Statements protect from SQL injection, and are very important for web application security.

MYSQL EXAMPLES IN BOTH MYSQLI AND PDO SYNTAX

In this, and in the following chapters we demonstrate three ways of working with PHP and MySQL:
  • MySQLi (object-oriented)
  • MySQLi (procedural)
  • PDO

MYSQLI INSTALLATION

For Linux and Windows: The MySQLi extension is automatically installed in most cases, when php5 mysql package is installed.
For installation details, go to: http://php.net/manual/en/mysqli.installation.php

PDO INSTALLATION

For installation details, go to: http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.installation.php

OPEN A CONNECTION TO MYSQL

Before we can access data in the MySQL database, we need to be able to connect to the server:

Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
} 
echo "Connected successfully";
?>
NoteNote on the object-oriented example above: $connect_error was broken until PHP 5.2.9 and 5.3.0. If you need to ensure compatibility with PHP versions prior to 5.2.9 and 5.3.0, use the following code instead:

// Check connection
if (mysqli_connect_error()) {
    die("Database connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

Example (PDO)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

try {
    $conn = new PDO("mysql:host=$servername;dbname=myDB", $username, $password);
    // set the PDO error mode to exception
    $conn->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
    echo "Connected successfully"; 
    }
catch(PDOException $e)
    {
    echo "Connection failed: " . $e->getMessage();
    }
?>
NoteNotice that in the PDO example above we have also specified a database (myDB).
 PDO require  a valid database to connect to. If no database is specified,
an exception is thrown.
Tip: A great benefit of PDO is that it has an exception class to handle any problems that may occur in our database queries. If an exception is thrown within the try{ } block, the script stops executing and flows directly to the first catch(){ } block.

CLOSE THE CONNECTION

The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the connection before, use the following:

Example (MySQLi Object-Oriented)

$conn->close();

Example (MySQLi Procedural)

mysqli_close($conn);

Example (PDO)

$conn = null;


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